As NIST is planning a seminar on time and frequency info on present understanding of these by the NIST scientist may be given on its site.
Modern view is that since Creation everywhere in the universe a same amount of time has passed but atomic clocks differ in readings because that depends on the local gravity where the clocks are situated.
Is NIST busy with an experiment already described by Vasily Yanchilin in his book The Quantum Theory of Gravitation (2003) comparing readings of atomic clocks at different heights during a certain period?
Change of orbits by electrons in an atom of an atomic clock involves different energies depending on the local gravity, but this will be very minor. So a mathematical approach is wanted and may be NIST can provide this.
In the Beginning the universe was very concentrated and processes ran extremely fast. This does not correspond with Einsteins vision that in black holes time stops. Perhaps those things are remnants or new formings of the stuff in the early universe before it became transparent.
Presently understanding of waves in the universe is difficult as these are abundant but do not collide and therefore cannot be particles during travelling. Yanchilin talks about discontinuing presence of the smallest things, at enormous rate appearing and disappearing; could somehow this be considered also regarding waves?
A photon passes several regions with different gravity and because of the mass-energy relation its speed therefore cannot be constant. The change might be due to or involve energy from outside. If not and providing this itself kind of redshift is possible. And that changes the time scale of the universe. So the NIST-conference may pay attention to this.
Also Yanchilin's interpretation of a photon passing mass should not be neglected: "It obeyes the principle of least action and seeks a route with as big steps as possible (lower frequency) and a minimum of these. Observed is a route not close to mass, where thus time runs faster with higher frequencies (in old jargon; in modern words: at bigger g physical processes go speedier).
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