time

                                                          To explain the general theory of relativity there is still talking about trains going through tunnels with almost the speed of light and twins, of which one travels to outer space. This should illustrate that according the theory of a hundred years ago time varies. 

Forget about this: since Creation everywhere in the universe the same amount of time has passed. Today the correct notition is that the tempo, the speed of physical processes varies according the local gravity. This is valid for light too and in the past speed of photons is estimated to have been much higher in a smaller, more concentrated universe. Einstein took constancy of the speed of light only as a working hypothesis when quantum mechanics was still unknown. In his book The Quantum Theory of Gravitation (2003) Vasily Yanchilin offers a new theory about gravity as a pure quantum mechanical process: With hypothesis that mass reduces the Heisenberg uncertainty in the half of a particle nearest to an external mass there will be less quantum mechanical transitions (compare with spilling over of boiling milk) towards the farthest half than the other way. Net result is movement of the particle in the direction of the external mass. In common language this is called attraction by gravity. It explains why gravity is relatively weak compared with electricity and irreversible (except in sf). 

NIST in Boulder, USA, wants the Planck as a base for measurements, but that cannot be since it has a relation with the speed of light which apparently is not prooved to be constant. The special theory of relativity can now be understood thus: If the speed of light c is related to the gravitational potential, which is a scalair and the same in all directions but varies according locality , the c too is the same in all directions but equally with restriction at a certain time and a certain place. Towards the border of the universe c becomes zero and everything looses its physical character there, becoming undetermined. Such is what the Mach principle with mass constituting the universe maintains. 

How about curved space? This is a mathematical concept; the universe is rather flat and light is not troubled by curves in a space that consists of nothing. The giant new telescope delivers clear pictures by concentrating remnants of electromagnetic radiation, which are present everywhere in the universe. Photons seek a route according the principle of least action: Passing mass is not done close but at a distance, with "as big steps as possible (lower frequency) and a minimum of these" (lense effect) or time runs faster (higher frequencies) near mass; now described better as physical processes proceed faster near mass. This also in the Beginning with very concentrated energy, that in a certain way is equivalent to mass. Socalled black holes in reality may be rests or new formings like in the opague hot young universe. The published photo of a black hole was only a composition; something black is not visible and radiation comes from the surroundings. 

A point is a mathematical concept and does not exist in physics because it lacks dimensions. For the Creator it will have been more difficult to prop qll into a point than starting from a "cloud" or a field. When one stands at a railway track the rails seem to meet at large distance; likewise scientists may have developped a distorted vision of a point, called singular, for birth of the universe. 

The recent results of scientific reseach need no negative energy, inflation, black holes and register these as belonging to the domain of witchcraft. And a non constant c necessitates review of presumed accellerated expansion of the universe, for which a Nobel prize was awarded. The involved supernovae Ia may have emitted photons with higher speed than is measured by us, arriving on Earth. Planes flew with atomic clocks on board to see wether time runs faster there than on the ground, where also some clocks were placed. And indeed such was the result, but a big mistake was made. Namely gravity is on the surface of our planet a tiny bit higher than high up and so physical processes run faster or in old terminology time runs faster down below and the second here is shorter. For comparision the ticks during the different duration of the second have to be added. So Yanchilin proposes an experiment with atomic clocks in places with different gravity. During a few weeks the ticks have to be counted and then the amounts are compared. The Caribean Island Saba has a nice beach for swimming during the waiting period and a 800 meter high volcano closeby, fit for the experiment. Yanchilin's book offers much further information, p.e. about red shift and a better formula for intervals, written with a didactically high standard. Philosophers should not sit idle but check the theories and read in the book about the invented negative energy. The press may interview Vasily Yanchilin, candidate for the Nobel prize, living presently in Hurghada and easily be reached via his site top-formula.net, about his recent contributions to embroaden our horizon. A changing c causes need for new insight on matter, while energy loss of photons during their journey influences time scale and expansion of the universe.